Characteristics Of HIV-Infected Tuberculosis Patients In Kota Bharu Hospital, Kelantan From 1998 To 2001.

To characterize the demographic profiles, clinical features, radiological patterns and outcomes of treatment of HIV-infected TB patients, a descriptive study was carried out on 149 HIV infected TB cases diagnosed from 1998 through 2001 at Kota Bharu Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia

Prevalence and ethnic distribution of helicobacter pylori infection among endoscoped patients in north eastern peninsular Malaysia

There exists significant difference in prevalence of H. pylori infection among different societies and ethnic groups, even within the same country. Malaysia with its multiracial population provided a valuable opportunity to study the racial distribution of this infection.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and ethnic distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection in an endoscoped population in the North Eastern Peninsular Malaysia.Pathology records of 400 consecutive gastric biopsies received at the pathology laboratory in a university hospital were reviewed. Demographic data of patients including their ethnic groups were documented. H. pylori infection was ascertained by histological evaluation of the gastric biopsies. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to determine the prevalence of H.pylori infection in the sampled population and the difference in prevalence among the ethnic groups. The overall H. pylon infection prevalence rate was unusually low at 13 .5%) (54 of 400) in this region. The prevalence among the races were as follows: Malay 6.6% (17/256). Chinese 24.1% (27/112) and Indian 2R.6(% (6/21). Gender and age were not significant risk factors for 1-1. pylon infection. However there was an increased risk of H. pylon infection in Chinese (OR= 4.46, 2.3-8.6) and Indians (0R=5.6,1.9-16.3) compared to Malays.The difference in prevalence of H. pylori infection between the three major ethnic groups concurs with other studies done in Malaysia. The reason for this interesting finding is uncertain and is suspected to be due to different environmental, genetic and socio-cultural practices in the various races

DEVELOPMENTS IN SORPTION-BASED MICROEXTRACTION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN WATER

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Development and Validation of the Beverages and Snacks Questionnaire for Malaysian Schoolchildren (BSQ-C)

The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and snacks have changed and has associated with weight gain in children. However, it is challenging to measure the consumption of SSBs and snacks due to the limitation of existing tools. Aimed for this study was to develop and validate the beverages and snacks questionnaire for schoolchildren (BSQ-C). In testing for internal consistency, the value of Cronbach’s alpha indicated that more than 0.70 is considered an acceptable internal consistency. In conclusion, the BSQ-C developed is valid and reliable to measure the pattern and behaviour of SSBs and snacks intake among schoolchildren.Keywords: Beverages and snacks questionnaire (BSQ-C); Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); Snacks; ReliabilityeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. It is published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1909

Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptives acceptance among reproductive age women attending family health clinic

Contraceptives have effects on the population's fertility and mortality as well as sexually transmitted diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and its associated factors of contraceptives acceptance among women attending family health clinic, HUSM. Married women in reproductive age 15 to 49 years old were selected by systematic random sampling. Standardized questionnaires were used to interview 411 women. The prevalence of ever-used contraceptive was 41.8% (95% CI: 37.1, 46.6). The percentages of acceptance were 17.5% (pills), 8.8% (injectables), 8.5% (condom), 6.1 % (IUD) and 6.1 % (traditional methods). The main reasons of using contraceptives were for birth spacing (77.9%) and prevent unintended pregnancy (61.6%). There were no significant differences between contraceptive users and non-users in the mean age of subjects, age at first marriage, menarche, number of birth, abortion and occupation and husbands' age, education and occupation. However there were significant differences between groups in the family income (p = 0.009), subjects' education (p = 0.001) and occupation (p < 0.001). The prevalence of contraceptive acceptance in this study was lower compared to other studies. Hormonal method was the most popular method. Employed or students, higher income and higher educated women were identified as the significant contraceptive acceptors. Health education is needed especially for housewives, lower income and lower educated women

A Preliminary Study Of The Influence Of HIV Infection In The Transmission Of Tuberculosis.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has had a profound influence on the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). The potential for HIV-associated TB cases to transmit M. tuberculosis and to produce a secondary increase in TB morbidity is unknown

Assessment on Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour and its Association with Sociodemographic and Habitual Factors of South Indian Population

Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, behaviour, and its association with sociodemographic and habitual factors among South Indian Population. Material and Methods: A total of 288 adults living in a residential community situated in Chennai were selected by systematic random sampling method participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out using a validated questionnaire. Results: About 97.9% of the participants in our study had good knowledge, 33.3% had a positive attitude and 48.2% had adequate oral health behaviour. Sociodemographic and habitual factors like diet (p=0.006), education (p=0.009), and employment (p=0.003) were significantly associated with knowledge. On the other hand, diet (p=0.012) was the only factor significantly associated with attitude. Ownership of house (p= 0.030) was significantly associated with behaviour and no factor was associated with all three KAB profiles. Absence of correlation were identified between Knowledge-Attitude (r=0.11, p=0.23), Knowledge-Behaviour (r= -0.037, p= 0.68) and Attitude-Behaviour (r =0.01, p=0.94). Conclusion: It has been found a massive number of participants possessed a high knowledge level towards oral health. On the other hand, less than half of the participants had a positive attitude and adequate behaviour towards oral health. No positive linear correlation was seen among knowledge, attitude, and behaviour towards oral health

Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography in Spontaneous Intracranial Haemorrhage: A Guide for Developing Countries

ObjectiveSpontaneous intracranial haemorrhage constitutes 18-40% of all stroke cases. Indications for cerebral angiography to find underlying potentially treatable vascular abnormalities are not clear. This study determined which intracranial haemorrhage patients need cerebral angiography by correlating computed tomography (CT) findings, age and hypertension history with cerebral angiography findings.MethodsA total of 54 patients (8-79 years) with intracranial haemorrhage who underwent both CT examination and six-vessel cerebral angiography were studied over a 2-year period. Cerebral angiography was repeated within 6 weeks if the first angiogram was negative.ResultsAngiography detected vascular lesions in 50% of cases (aneurysm 38.9% and arteriovenous malformation, AVM, 11.1%). In the aneurysm group, angiographic yield was 34.3% whereas in the AVM group, it was 37.9%. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) combined with other types of haemorrhage (such as intracerebral haemorrhage, ICH) was not significantly correlated with the likelihood of finding a vascular lesion, both aneurysm and AVM (p = 0.157). Age less than 50 years had significant correlation (p = 0.021) in the AVM group as well as in the aneurysm group (p < 0.001). A history of hypertension was associated with both aneurysm (p = 0.039) and AVM (p = 0.008). No patients with deep intracerebral haematoma had vascular lesions. The presence of an intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) had significant correlation with aneurysm (p = 0.008) but not AVM. There was no significant difference in mean age between patients with and without a vascular lesion (p = 0.134).ConclusionCerebral angiography is justified in patients with pure SAH (p = 0.001). Other factors associated with finding a vascular lesion were a history of hypertension and the presence of IVH. Diagnostic cerebral angiography is indicated for patients with ICH and SAH and IVH with a history of hypertension, regardless of age